Innovative control strategy for fast runback operational transient applied to SMRs

The recent interest in the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) for its potential increased economic competitiveness has focused attention in part on reducing operational costs to offset those plant costs that do not benefit from the economies of scale of large traditional units. Plant operation and maintenance economics are significantly driven by plant availability, which can be enhanced by means of innovative control strategies by avoiding unnecessary plant or unit trips. In this context, an effective strategy for achieving fast runback of a sodium-cooled SMR has been developed. In this work, after having defined and modeled a suitable control strategy by adopting the Petri nets formalism, a Model-based Predictive Control regulator has been developed in order to reduce as promptly as possible the power level, without scramming the reactor (fast runback) and possibly limiting the control rod contribution. Such flexibility could lead to significant savings in the operational costs of the reactor while also improving the system availability. The proposed procedure has been characterized by simulating the operational transients on both an oxide-fueled reactor and on a metal-fueled reactor, comparing the responses of the two different configurations and the respectively needed control rod contribution.