Bhutanese Dzongs: a disappearing hierarchy of interior spaces.

Since Bhutan entered the globalized world, after the 1972 coronation of the Fourth Druk Gyalpo HM King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, development has reached a pace that looks more similar to a frantic rush than a smooth transition into modernity. While the initial size of the population is unknown, it now counts over 750.000 inhabitants. Thimphu, the capital itself, has grown to a population of 79.000 people (2005) from a mere 27.000 in 1990. Despite the fact that the four pillars of Global National Happiness (Sustainable and Equitable Socio-economic Development, conservation of the environment, preservation and promotion of culture, good governance) have managed to control exposure to modern day extremes of belonging to a global economy, many aspects of a little known but preciously elaborate culture are threatened to disappear. One of the aspects which is slowly, but swiftly, disappearing is the multi faceted use of interior (and exterior) space which was typical of the old traditional fortresses called dzongs. These old complex buildings where a intricate cluster of built and open spaces that followed a hierarchical principle of aggregation where, in a single complex, it was possible to find a variety of enclosures: vast squares with surrounding porches and a single in the middle, narrow partially covered suspended paths, multi-layered towers enclosing the most sacred of treasures as well as small courtyards with stunning views. Moreover, materials and decorations were used to underline the importance of functions and human gestures that were to be hosted. Since XVII century, these buildings stood alone facing a landscape of two or three stories isolated family houses showcasing a variety of best practices that could mark one's presence in the built world. Long before modern urban planning and building codes started in the country, without architects or treatises and through the work of master builders, a very consistent architectural tradition was consolidated. Contemporary cities are searching for a «middle way» capable of displaying a similar richness in interior spaces for modern lifestyles.