Entropy Production for Quantum Markov Semigroups

An invariant state of a quantum Markov semigroup is an equilibrium state if it satisfies a quantum detailed balance condition. In this paper, we introduce a notion of entropy production for faithful normal invariant states of a quantum Markov semigroup on B(h) as a numerical index measuring “how far” they are from equilibrium. The entropy production rate is defined as the derivative of the relative entropy of the one-step forward and backward evolution, in analogy with the classical probabilistic concept. We prove an explicit trace formula expressing the entropy production rate in terms of the completely positive part of the generator of a norm continuous quantum Markov semigroup, showing that it turns out to be zero if and only if a standard quantum detailed balance condition holds.