A monolithic optoelectronic module for counting and timing single optical photons has been designed and fabricated in CMOS technology. It integrates a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) of 12 μm-diameter with a complete active-quenching and active-reset circuit. The detector operates in Geiger-mode biased above breakdown level, with overvoltage adjustable up to 20 V. The on-chip electronics detects the rise of the current triggered by a photogenerated carrier, then swiftly quenches the avalanche by controlling the SPAD bias voltage, and finally resets the detector after a hold-off time (adjustable from 0 to 350 ns). In a chip of 700 μm×1,000 μm, the overall performance is comparable or better than that of macroscopic modules available from leading industries.
Monolithic CMOS Detector Module for Photon Counting and Picosecond Timing
ZAPPA, FRANCO;TISA, SIMONE;GULINATTI, ANGELO;GALLIVANONI, ANDREA;COVA, SERGIO
2004-01-01
Abstract
A monolithic optoelectronic module for counting and timing single optical photons has been designed and fabricated in CMOS technology. It integrates a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) of 12 μm-diameter with a complete active-quenching and active-reset circuit. The detector operates in Geiger-mode biased above breakdown level, with overvoltage adjustable up to 20 V. The on-chip electronics detects the rise of the current triggered by a photogenerated carrier, then swiftly quenches the avalanche by controlling the SPAD bias voltage, and finally resets the detector after a hold-off time (adjustable from 0 to 350 ns). In a chip of 700 μm×1,000 μm, the overall performance is comparable or better than that of macroscopic modules available from leading industries.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2004_ESSDERC_MonolithicCMOSDetector.pdf
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