Robust design of grid shells

Shell grids are vital in architecture and engineering for spanning large areas with minimal material while ensuring strength and aesthetics. However, local failures or missing members can lead to progressive collapse, threatening stability. This study analyzes shell grid failure using the finite particle method to simulate load redistribution and internal force evolution as components fail. By computing forces at each time-step, finite particle method provides a dynamic view of structural behavior under failure. The findings emphasize the role of load redistribution in collapse, aiding in designing more resilient shell grids.