Exploring the role of digital technology in the waterborne passenger mobility

Digitalization is transforming the mobility sector, enhancing efficiency, safety, and sustainability through the integration of digital technologies (DT). While significant progress has been made in urban and cargo transport, the digitalization of waterborne passenger mobility (WPM) remains underexplored. This study addresses the fragmented research on DT applications in WPM by providing a comprehensive analysis of existing practices and emerging technologies. Through a literature review and case study analysis, this research identifies the key DT currently employed across various stages of the WPM lifecycle and analyzes their roles in addressing specific goals (DT for X), highlighting the benefits they provide to the service by optimizing performance, safety, energy efficiency, and sustainability from service, fleet, and terminal perspectives. This study provides a framework and actionable insights for the digital transition of WPM, fostering a more connected, efficient, and sustainable transport system.