Advanced Implantable Devices and Data Analysis Techniques for Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatment: Challenges and Innovations

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) present significant clinical challenges, affecting communication between the central nervous system and peripheral organs, thereby impacting patients' quality of life. These injuries, often due to traumas like crushing, compression, and penetrating wounds, lead to chronic disabilities and substantial healthcare costs. Timely intervention and personalized therapeutic approaches are essential to restore neural functionality. Traditional treatments, despite their availability, have limitations such as side effects and variable outcomes. Recent research has focused on developing advanced, often implantable, devices to provide more effective and less invasive solutions. However, integrating these technologies into clinical practice is complex, involving challenges related to biocompatibility, hermeticity, power management, and data security. This article examines the intricacies of implanted device technology, highlighting the need for advanced data analysis techniques to enhance their efficacy. It explores signal analysis methods for classification, including preprocessing, data augmentation, and machine learning strategies. The article also reviews power strategies for implantable devices, such as batteries, energy harvesting, and radio frequency, alongside other methods like inductive, capacitive, and magnetic resonance coupling, which are also used for wireless communication. Additionally, the evolution of integrated circuits and coating materials is discussed, emphasizing their role in improving device performance and longevity. This comprehensive review aims to provide a guide for overcoming the current challenges in PNI treatment through technological innovation.