Comparative analysis of half-cell and full-cell PV commercial modules for sustainable mobility applications: Outdoor performance evaluation under partial shading conditions

This study compares half-cell and full-cell photovoltaic (PV) modules under partial shading conditions relevant to sustainable electric vehicle charging stations. Market-available PV modules are evaluated outdoors at SolarTech in Milan, Italy, with specific consideration given to partial shading caused by a chimney. Two shading scenarios were implemented: one affecting only the upper half of the PV modules and another affecting both halves. This paper comprehensively analyzes and compares the power-voltage curve, global maximum power point, shading losses, and energy yield. The results show that PV modules with Half-Cell technology perform better in partial shading conditions, with an increased energy yield ranging from 11.3% to 20.7%. This significant improvement highlights the potential of Half-Cell technology in optimizing energy production in environments prone to shading, such as electric vehicle charging stations.