Localizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Through Co-creation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS): Towards an Assessment Framework for Local Governments

This chapter discusses the role of co-creation processes related to Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It investigates the triangulation of NBS, co-creation and the SDGs from the lessons learned in NBS Horizon 2020-funded project CLEVER Cities (See https://clevercities.eu/) with the aim to shed light on the role of co-creation pathways in achieving multiple co-benefits produced by NBS through the lens of the SDGs. This entry is divided in three main parts, discussing: (1) how NBS contribute to achieving the SDGs, (2) ways to deploy co-creation of NBS in Urban Living Labs (ULLs), (3) how co-creation on the local level can help achieve the SDGs (through macro categories of analysis and micro-level indicators). In this chapter, the importance of generating a common technical language around co-creation processes in NBS-related Horizon 2020 projects is discussed, and moreover, the need for a common comprehensive understanding of co-creation methodologies and tools that are widely used and spread across NBS implementation experiences. Recent experience with inclusive processes for co-creation of NBS provides evidence in supporting the achievement of SDGs. Nevertheless, an overall framework that triangulates NBS, co-creation methodologies, and the SDGs is still lacking on the practical level. Finally, this entry concludes that NBS co-creation processes could benefit from embedding SDGs as integral part of their methodological framework. Aligning with universally recognized targets and speaking a common language, i.e., 2030 Agenda, would help to break silos in local authorities’ agendas and boost alliances and partnerships, leading to societal transformative change.