Facile and sustainable functionalization of sp2 carbon allotropes, as fillers for rubber composites

sp2 carbon allotropes (CA) play a fundamental role in material science and technology. Not only they present fascinating scientific aspects but also have a great importance for large scale applications. In rubber compounds they promote mechanical reinforcement and faster sulphur based vulcanization and dramatically affect dynamic-mechanical properties. Crucial aspect is the compatibilization of CA in many different environments, from polymeric matrices to low molar mass liquids. The research here reported was aimed at the controlled modification of the chemical nature of sp2 carbon allotropes, without altering the bulk structure and the in plane order of the graphitic substrates. Key aspect of the research was the use of natural sources and wastes as well as of industrially available chemicals to provide added value to CA. Carbon black, carbon nanotubes and graphene related materials were the investigated CA.