Le nuove forme dell’abitare collaborativo negli interventi di social housing

The diffusion of a new type of demand, determined by phenomena already in action in Europe - such as traditional family unit change, migratory, precariousness and mobility of the workforce, progressively ageing population - is emphasized as a result of the global financial crisis began in 2008, which caused a great increase of poverty and unemployment levels. The new demand is characterized by job insecurity. With the goal to monitor the processes of population impoverishment and to promote strategies for inclusive growth, Eurostat has identified and statistically "weighed" some social categories, which seem to be the most affected with the economic crisis and mainly at the risk of social exclusion (Frazer, Marlier, 2011), such as the internal EU migrants; the homeless; young people unable to provide for an independent life and live with their origin families or friends; the middle-class families, who are in vulnerable positions as a result of high and rising levels of unemployment; people working with temporary contracts, barrier to a stable housing access. It appears evident, therefore, that the housing matter affects the social cohesion and needs innovation in the market of the social enterprise and development of new forms of ethical finance, addressed to answer to new type of demand. The research related to the social housing, tested for decades in some European countries, produced valuable information on practices and formal choices to be taken to facilitate the achievement of certain goals, both in social and in terms of built environment quality (Cecodas Housing Europe, 2012). The analysis showed that the most effective formulas envisage the management of aspects both real estate and social by independent and private subject, but with a mission of public interest or philanthropic. These individuals, who typically take a legal form of non-profit or limited profit, rest on solid active bases for their operation, in the sense that the inhabitants are represented within them and participate, where possible, also to service management. The procedures for setting up and testing this type of operator, called Social Administrator (Ferri, 2011), represent one of the most qualifying content of the "Social Housing Project". These are the aspects on which the authors intend to develop the paper, suggesting an analysis and a comparison between some case studies of social and collaborative housing particularly significant, realized through new forms of public-private partnerships. The case studies include the interventions of: Cenni di Cambiamento, Via Padova 36, Figino Borgo Sostenibile and Abit@giovani, in Milan.