La qualità fruitiva nell’edilizia residenziale sociale. Lettura critica comparativa tra casi studio contemporanei e alcune realizzazioni Ina-Casa.

The recent economic crisis has stressed the issue of low budget housing and new design models. This is in relation to the emergence of new demands in contemporary living - primarily energy and environmental sustainability – but also with specific reference to the problem of the intervention in support of the most vulnerable social groups. Despite the diversity of the local situations, Italy have started programs that have produced interventions of public housing but also the significant presence of private interventions for the production of housing for both rent and sale at controlled prices. Focusing the attention to the leading context of the city of Milan, the public sector, despite the difficulties of the historical moment, has recorded some significant interventions whose results can be object of post-occupancy evaluation. In effect, since 2000 in Milan they were announced two contests "Abitare a Milano 1" and "Abitare a Milano 2" and the international competition "Un programma per l’housing sociale" banned in 2009/2010 by the Fondazione Housing Sociale, and some of these project are already completed and inhabited. On this base, the paper presents a preliminary critical reading intended to check the levels reached in relation to morphological, environmental and techno-typological quality, even by comparison with the achievements of the previous building cycles. In particular the comparison has been made with some significant regional experiences which historically have produced remarkable results, such as the development of technical standards in performance of Emilia-Romagna Region (1976), the "Repertorio di progetti-tipo" and the "Catalogo dei componenti" in Lombardia Region (1977) and the establishment of "Progetti-tipo" in the Lazio Region (1978). Moreover, from the results of this comparative critical analysis, the contribution develops also analytical studies concerning the contemporary legal and regulatory framework that defines the techno-typological standards for public housing in the national context. This is to check the limits with respect to the possible development of adesign and building offer that should be innovative, low budget and that should adequately meet the characters of the contemporary demand for fruition and usability quality of the spaces. This paper reintroduces the "regulation paradigm" as central area of design research in Architectural Technology. Overpassing the prescribing logic that in part still characterizes the regulatory mechanisms of the construction industry (technical standards, building codes and hygiene regulations, etc.), the research relaunchs the importance of performance related and proactive approaches.