Effectiveness of multisite diversity schemes to support optical systems in scientific missions

This contribution investigates the effectiveness of optical communication links in enabling high-speed data transfer from deep-space (DS) probes directly to Earth ground stations. In particular, the propagation impairments induced by clouds are estimated by exploiting long-term radiosonde observation data collected in some European sites. The impact of different cloud types on optical links operating at 1.55 μm is first quantified in terms of total path attenuation, and afterward, the implementation of multisite diversity schemes is discussed to counteract the extremely high attenuation levels caused by clouds. Results show that a three-site diversity system with target availability of 90% allows reduction of the link margin to counteract cloud attenuation from at least 40 dB to ∼6  dB, which makes optical communications a viable option also for DS missions