Damage modeling and nonlinear analysis of concrete bridges under corrosion

A general approach to nonlinear analysis of concrete bridges under corrosion is presented. This approach is based on the formulation of a three-dimensional reinforced concrete beam finite element which accounts for both mechanical and geometrical nonlinearity. The formulation considers uniform and localized (pitting) corrosion and damage modeling includes the reduction of cross-sectional area of corroded bars, the reduction of ductility of reinforcing steel, the deterioration of concrete strength, and the spalling of concrete cover. The beam finite element is validated with reference to the results of experimental tests carried out on beams with corroded reinforcement. The three-dimensional structural analysis of a reinforced concrete arch bridge under different damage scenarios shows the effectiveness and application potentialities of the proposed formulation for life-cycle assessment and design of concrete bridges exposed to corrosion.