Mechanisms of mixed mode propagation at rail butt-welds

In the present paper, the fatigue crack propagation of longitudinal flaws starting in butt-welded joints of rails is analysed. Firstly Finite Element simulations are carried out, in order to determine the actual stress intensity factor histories caused by the passage of the wheel over the rail. Simulations show that fatigue crack growth is dominated by an out-of-phase Mode I–Mode II mechanism with an overlapping of about 180 degrees. Then, mixed-mode fatigue test experiments have been designed in order to reproduce in-service conditions at laboratory test level. For this purpose, tubular specimens have been subjected to mixed-mode loading (reversal torsion combined with axial tension/compression). The crack growth propagation dominated by the shear has been confirmed. At the end of the paper, the conditions to obtain the shear mode crack propagation are discussed and the kinetics data are presented.