Emulsion fuels have a polymeric emulsifier synthesized by: (1) prepg. an intermediate by reaction of a dicarboxylic acid-functionalized polyolefin oligomer with a linear polyoxyalkylene optionally linked to a long-chain alkyl group with ethylenically unsatn. (e.g., by an ester group), followed by (2) reaction of the product of step (1) with a nitrogen compd. selected from monoamines, polyamines, and quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Preferred reactants for step (1) are polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and ester-functionalized polyethylene glycol (d.p. 2-40) contg. minor amts. (?12 units per 2-30 oxyethylene groups) of branched polyoxyalkylene units of structure -CH2-CH(R)O- (R = C1-3-alkyl). Suitable nitrogen compds. for step (2) include amines, with general structure R1R2R3N, R5R4N-[R7-N(R6)]n-H, and [R10R11R9R8N]+.OH-, in which: (1) R1, R2, and R3 = H, C1-24-hydrocarbyl (optionally OH-substituted) and C1-4-alkoxy; (2) R4, R5, and R7 are as described for R1-3, as well as C1-30-hydrocarbyl; n = 1-10 (preferably 2-7); and R7 = C1-18-alkylene; (3) and R8-11 are as described for R1-3. The emulsifiers are esp. suitable for diesel fuels and can include an alc. extender, and biocides and cetane no. improvers
Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon
CITTERIO, ATTILIO;
2003-01-01
Abstract
Emulsion fuels have a polymeric emulsifier synthesized by: (1) prepg. an intermediate by reaction of a dicarboxylic acid-functionalized polyolefin oligomer with a linear polyoxyalkylene optionally linked to a long-chain alkyl group with ethylenically unsatn. (e.g., by an ester group), followed by (2) reaction of the product of step (1) with a nitrogen compd. selected from monoamines, polyamines, and quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Preferred reactants for step (1) are polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and ester-functionalized polyethylene glycol (d.p. 2-40) contg. minor amts. (?12 units per 2-30 oxyethylene groups) of branched polyoxyalkylene units of structure -CH2-CH(R)O- (R = C1-3-alkyl). Suitable nitrogen compds. for step (2) include amines, with general structure R1R2R3N, R5R4N-[R7-N(R6)]n-H, and [R10R11R9R8N]+.OH-, in which: (1) R1, R2, and R3 = H, C1-24-hydrocarbyl (optionally OH-substituted) and C1-4-alkoxy; (2) R4, R5, and R7 are as described for R1-3, as well as C1-30-hydrocarbyl; n = 1-10 (preferably 2-7); and R7 = C1-18-alkylene; (3) and R8-11 are as described for R1-3. The emulsifiers are esp. suitable for diesel fuels and can include an alc. extender, and biocides and cetane no. improversI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
