An advanced regulatory control architecture for coordinated DVFS and liquid cooling in high-power computing nodes

Control of modern high-power computing nodes involves a fundamental trade-off between hardware safety, computational performance, and cooling effort. This paper presents an advanced regulatory control (ARC) architecture for the coordinated management of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and liquid cooling at node level. The proposed structure combines fast DVFS-based temperature protection with slower modulation of coolant flow rate, enforcing temperature constraints while recovering the operating-system requested frequency whenever thermal conditions allow it through demand-driven cooling. Simulation results under time-varying workloads show effective constraint enforcement, graceful degradation under cooling limitations, and coordinated operation achieved using simple PI controllers. The results highlight the practical value of structured regulatory design for data centre operation and suggest ARC as a complementary foundation for higher-level supervision and optimisation.