Integrating life cycle analysis in the design of structural membranes in architecture

The integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into membrane architecture design offers a valuable framework for improving the environmental sustainability of lightweight construction systems. This paper explores how LCA can support eco-design strategies throughout the design process, from material selection to structural optimization and end-of-life considerations. Particular attention is given to the concept of lightness as a design paradigm capable of reducing resource consumption, embodied energy, and environmental impacts. Through a review of recent research and case studies, the paper examines the application of comparative LCA analyses to membrane façades, ETFE enclosures, temporary structures, and retrofit solutions. The findings demonstrate that the environmental performance of membrane architectures depends not only on material weight but also on the relationship between envelope systems, supporting structures, durability, and recyclability. Eco-efficiency principles based on material optimization and structural performance are proposed as practical tools to guide sustainable design decisions. Furthermore, the study highlights the growing potential of integrating LCA into parametric and digital design workflows, enabling real-time environmental assessment during project development. The results confirm that LCA can effectively support the design of innovative membrane structures, promoting a “doing more with less” approach and contributing to the transition toward low-impact and resource-efficient architecture.