Design and process LCA-based optimization of Metal Additive Manufacturing for building products

This paper shows a study on Metal Additive Manufacturing for construction products, focused on Laser Powder Bed Fusion technology, considering three case studies developed under the EU project “ConstructAdd”. By analysing the input/output flows of three LPBF case studies with similar geometries (but different dimensions), the article shows which factors influence materials and resources consumption in terms of product design and production processes. Moreover, by a Life Cycle Assessment study and the hotspot analysis, the most environmentally impactful process steps and flows are highlighted. Finally, the potential sustainable optimization scenarios are identified in terms of geometric simplification design, LPBF technology process, and input materials.