Measuring sustainability in logistics: a GHG assessment model for intermodal logistics networks

Logistics plays a crucial role in global supply chains and impacts significantly in generating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among various solutions, intermodal logistics networks have emerged as a sustainable alternative to full road transport to mitigate the environmental footprint of supply chains. Accurate emissions measurement is essential to identify inefficiencies, and support strategic decision-making as well as continuous sustainable improvement. However, current emission calculation frameworks, including ISO 14083 and the GLEC Framework, exhibit methodological gaps when addressing intermodal logistics networks, particularly concerning logistics nodes and real-world conditions. This paper addresses these gaps by developing a GHG assessment model for intermodal logistics networks. This model aligns with existing emission regulation frameworks and integrates different transport modes and logistics nodes. The validation process involves real case studies in collaboration with an Italian logistics company, demonstrating the model’s flexibility and accuracy in identifying inefficiencies, enhancing emission calculations, and supporting strategic decisions. Results highlight the environmental advantages of intermodal transport and emphasize the necessity of incorporating country-specific emission factors for vehicles, fuels, and logistics nodes into the model. Despite its limitations mainly related to the reliance on default emission factors and a restricted geographical focus, the model represents a significant advancement in measuring environmental impacts within the logistics sector. Future research is recommended to expand the model’s scope through further testing with primary data and alignment with new global standards, ultimately aspiring to develop a robust tool for the logistics industry.