REDEFINING COLLECTIVE SPACES IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL AXIAL AGE

This chapter examines how technological transformations are reshaping the nature of collective spaces in contemporary metropolitan environments. Drawing on the concept of the “technological axial age,” the authors argue that the growing influence of digital infrastructures, online platforms, and technological systems is redefining the relationships between physical space, virtual environments, and urban life. In this context, public space can no longer be understood solely as a physical setting but rather as a dynamic system of social, cultural, and political relations where physical and digital dimensions intersect. The chapter introduces the concept of collective space as a spatial framework capable of integrating diversity, participation, and shared identity, moving beyond the traditional distinction between public and private domains. Through theoretical reflections and design perspectives, the authors highlight how urban and landscape design must foster participatory processes, flexible spatial configurations, and multisensory interactions, enabling individuals to actively contribute to the shaping of collective environments. Ultimately, the text emphasizes the role of urban and landscape design in creating civic environments that support collective memory, urban identity, and social interaction, recognizing collective space and landscape as fundamental tools for constructing new forms of community in the technological era.