Combined fit above 0.1 EeV to the cosmic-ray spectrum and composition measured with the Pierre Auger Observatory

We fit the cosmic-ray spectrum measured with the Pierre Auger Observatory’s surface detectors above an energy of 1017 eV, along with composition information inferred from the depth of shower maximum measured with its fluorescence detectors above an energy threshold of 1017.8 eV. We consider astrophysical scenarios with two distinct extragalactic source populations: one dominating the flux above a few EeV, and the other dominating at lower energies, with representative nuclei being injected at the sources with power-law spectra and rigidity-dependent cutoffs. The high-energy population exhibits a hard source injection spectrum and a relatively heavy composition, while the low-energy population exhibits a softer spectrum and a lighter composition. Extending the fit down to the low energies considered here shows the potential to test the energy region towards the Galactic to extragalactic transition with the data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. In particular, the Galactic contribution is expected to be still sizable at the lowest energies considered, and the extragalactic contribution needs to become suppressed for decreasing energies, an effect that could naturally result from a magnetic-horizon-induced suppression.