Modeling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle Performance and Charging Behavior Under Standard and Real Conditions

This study presents the development and validation of two simulation models for Electric Vehicles (EVs): one focused on performance analysis and the other on charging behavior. Three representative battery Electric Vehicles (SUV, city car, and sedan) are modelled and tested under the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) cycle to evaluate energy consumption and charging time. The models include detailed subsystems such as a drivetrain, battery, aerodynamics, regenerative braking, and a DC charging infrastructure with different current modes (32A and 120A). Real driving data from a Tesla Model 3 is used to validate the performance model, highlighting discrepancies due to external factors like air conditioning. Results confirm good alignment between simulated and actual consumption, particularly in urban conditions, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed models and suggesting future enhancements including thermal analysis and the integration of physical losses for increased accuracy.