Site Selection Framework for Resilient Power Supply of Telecommunication Base Stations

This paper presents a guideline for the resilient site selection and design of microgrids to supply power to telecommunication Base Stations (BS), with a focus on zeroemission solutions. The proposed approach includes four main steps: (1) risk analysis to identify high-risk areas, (2) strategic selection of critical BSs based on network relevance and exposure, (3) microgrid design in compliance with Photovoltaic (PV) installation standards, and (4) integration of complementary zero-emission technologies such as Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and hydrogen fuel cells to overcome spatial and generation limitations. The methodology is applied in northern Italy. Results show the real potential for renewable energy generation at selected sites and demonstrate how combining technologies can ensure resilient, uninterrupted service even during grid outages.