Towards Robust Angles-Only Relative Orbit Navigation: Assessing Key Modelling Factors Using Batch Least Squares Filtering

Autonomous operations demands for robust angles-only navigation algorithms that overcome weak observability. Batch least squares filtering, traditionally used for ground-based post-facto orbit determination, is now considered for computationally efficient space-borne applications. This approach may provide near real-time cross-checks for sequential filters or backup reinitialisation in case of divergence. A critical first step is to assess the performance influence of key filter components: modelling of propagation, manoeuvres and measurements as well as size and length of the batch processed by the filter. This study systematically examines these factors for angles-only relative orbit estimation to identify an optimal structure of the filter.