Common contaminants that threaten hospital indoor air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in hospital environments is a critical factor influencing the health and well-being of patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. This chapter explores the main chemical and biological contaminants that compromise IAQ in healthcare facilities, highlighting their sources, health risks, and regulatory considerations. Common pollutants include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and microbiological agents such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This chapter discusses the impact of hospital-specific factors, including ventilation systems, cleaning and disinfection procedures, and building materials, on IAQ. Additionally, monitoring strategies and international standards (e.g., ISO 16000, WHO guidelines) for assessing and managing hospital air pollution are reviewed. Effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies are essential to minimize exposure and enhance air quality, ensuring a safer healthcare environment. The integration of proper ventilation, pollutant source control, and adherence to IAQ standards is crucial in reducing airborne health risks. This chapter underscores the need for comprehensive policies and monitoring frameworks to improve IAQ in hospitals, protecting vulnerable populations from harmful exposure.