High‐Precision Automated Setting of Arbitrary Magnitude and Phase of Mach–Zehnder Interferometers for Scalable Optical Computing

Photonic technologies offer promising solutions to the power consumption, bandwidth constraints and latency limits of electronic hardware used in high-performance computing and artificial intelligence. Recently, many studies have proposed and successfully demonstrated photonic accelerators based on integrated meshes of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), enabling matrix-vector multiplications directly in the optical domain. While being fast and energy efficient, these photonic architectures still struggle to get the required precision for such applications, because setting the complex coefficients of MZI tunable gates with a high accuracy is still an unsolved problem. This work demonstrates high-precision automated setting and stabilization of MZI-based optical gates with a resolution of 7.01 and 8.04 bits for the output power and phase, respectively. Demonstration is achieved on a multistage silicon photonic circuit comprising a coherent input vector generator, an MZI matrix-vector multiplier, and a coherent receiver for phase measurement. The proposed control strategy can configure the MZIs to any desired working point, without any prior calibration or complex algorithm for the correction of hardware non-idealities, and prevents the propagation of programming errors, thus allowing scalability toward optical processors of large size.