Predicting procedural outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a scoping review of numerical patient-specific simulations

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)-related post-operative complications remain significant clinical challenges, and current in-silico simulations fall short in predicting them accurately, limiting their clinical applicability. This scoping review evaluates the state of the art in TAVI computational modeling, identifying methodological gaps and proposing directions for refinement to enhance translational impact. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, 40 studies were included, with data extracted and summarized by evaluated outcomes. A quality assessment was performed using a 14-item rubric. Most studies focused on predicting paravalvular leak (65%) and conduction disturbances (20%). This review reveals substantial heterogeneity in modeling approaches, with limited standardization and varying degrees of validation. To improve clinical relevance, future efforts should prioritize model standardization, rigorous validation following ASME V&V guidelines, increased automation, and improved interpretability for clinical users. By ensuring robustness, efficiency, and clinical accessibility, in-silico models could transform TAVI outcome prediction and support personalized treatment planning, ultimately enhancing care standards in structural heart interventions.