Aerodynamic Investigation of a Convertible Tandem-Wing UAV Using Mid-Fidelity Numerical Simulations and Propeller Interaction Experimental Data

This work investigates the aerodynamic interaction between front and rear propellers in a tandem-wing eVTOL UAV using combined wind tunnel testing and mid-fidelity simulations with the DUST solver. A comprehensive experimental campaign was conducted, varying key parameters such as relative propeller rotation, axial and lateral spacing, and freestream velocity. Thrust and power data were collected across hundreds of configurations, enabling an in-depth analysis of wake-induced effects on propeller efficiency. DUST simulations were used to predict the aerodynamic loads on the rear propeller, focusing on the same configurations and using the 13×6.5E blade geometry. The comparison between numerical and experimental thrust coefficients reveals promising agreement under most conditions, while discrepancies at high advance ratios highlight the need for more refined RPM control and extended test matrices. The study establishes a solid foundation for future aerodynamic optimization of distributed propulsion systems and hybrid tandem platforms for advanced aerial mobility.