From global to local: assessing environmental sustainability in apparel industry backshoring

In recent years, many companies have shifted from offshoring to backshoring, transforming global supply chains (GSCs). Environmental concerns, including degradation and emissions from longdistance transportation, have fueled demands for more sustainable supply chains (SCs). However, the role of environmental sustainability in backshoring - whether as a driver or barrier - remains unclear, as do its environmental outcomes. Using a multiple case study approach, this research analyzes secondary data from five European apparel companies employing backshoring. Findings reveal that while environmental sustainability is rarely the primary driver, it significantly improves post-backshoring performance. All five companies showed enhanced sustainability outcomes, highlighting a positive link between backshoring and environmental benefits. This study is of relevance not only to academia but also to practitioners and policymakers, offering insights to guide informed decisions aimed at making SCs more sustainable.