Uncertainty in Dimensional Measurements During Open-Die Forging †

Integrating optical metrology into steelmaking and metalworking processes faces challenges not only from harsh conditions but also from a limited understanding of metrology concepts. The literature often overlooks distinctions between different uncertainty sources. This paper proposes a model for the quantification of uncertainty in dimensional measurements of open-die forged components, addressing the different uncertainty sources related to the measurand variability, to the instrumental uncertainty and to the definitional uncertainty. Guidelines for their evaluation are provided, and two case-studies related to measurement of forged shafts are presented and discussed.