Mechanical and environmental analysis of concretes with partial replacement of clinker by coconut shell ashes

Concrete remains essential in construction, but its production is energy-intensive and emits significant pollutants. To reduce its environmental impact, this study explores the partial substitution of clinker with coconut shell ash (CSA). This approach not only mitigates waste but also provides energy recovery, aligning with circular economy principles. The research evaluates the environmental performance of these concrete mixes through a Consequential Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and assesses their mechanical properties to ensure structural suitability. Ash production is controlled experimentally to optimize combustion parameters, analyze the resulting material and measure the emissions from the coconut shell incineration. Concrete specimens are tested for strength, microstructural, and chemical properties and compared to conventional concrete. Results demonstrate significant reductions in environmental impacts across 13 of 16 of the assessed impact categories, primarily due to the substitution of heat and electricity generated from incineration. However, emissions from combustion also significantly influence some impact categories.