AN IRON-BASED BIOCHAR-SUPPORTED CATALYST FOR DICLOFENAC DEGRADATION

Photocatalytic degradation is considered an efficient strategy for the removal of organic pollutants. In this study, biochar— the carbonaceous by-product of thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis and gasification—is proposed as an innovative and sustainable support for catalyst development. Biochar advantageous characteristics, including high surface area and porous structure, make it an ideal candidate for developing a Fe-biochar catalyst aimed at removing Diclofenac (DFC) from contaminated water sources. Diclofenac (DFC) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly found in wastewater and surface water, leading to negative effects on the environment and ecosystems. Various strategies exist for removing DFC from wastewater; among these, photocatalytic degradation is considered one of the most promising technologies. For the photocatalyst several materials have been proposed as supports for the iron active phase. However, due to concerns about cost and environmental impact, there is a growing need for greener and circular alternatives. In this context, biochar— a carbon-rich by-product of biomass gasification/pyrolysis—emerges as a potential eco-friendly substitute of conventional supports thanks to its high porosity and high surface area.