Green Gentrification: A Literature Review of Trends, Challenges, and Research Opportunities

Green infrastructure projects, while enhancing environmental quality, often unintentionally exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities through “green gentrification.” This phenomenon leads to rising property values, demographic shifts, and the displacement of vulnerable populations, raising critical concerns about social justice in urban greening. This study systematically reviews the literature to examine how the distribution of and access to green spaces contribute to green gentrification and explores strategies to mitigate its effects. Based on the analysis of peer-reviewed studies in urban planning, green infrastructure, and social dynamics, four key themes emerge: (i) the spatial and health outcomes of greening interventions, (ii) the socioeconomic impacts of green spaces on property values and resident demographics, (iii) the social justice challenges faced by marginalized communities, (iv) the role of urban policies in moderating gentrification. The findings reveal that while urban greening initiatives provide significant environmental and health benefits, these are often inequitably distributed, disproportionately benefiting wealthier populations and displacing vulnerable groups. Studies highlight the importance of integrating affordable housing policies with green infrastructure projects. This approach aims to prevent the displacement of low-income residents while enhancing urban sustainability and inclusivity. Methodologies employed in the reviewed studies—such as spatial analysis, community surveys, and economic assessments—highlight the complex interactions between green infrastructure, housing markets, and social equity. By outlining implications for policy and future research, this study provides a foundation for shaping urban greening strategies that balance environmental goals with social equity, ensuring sustainable and inclusive urban development.