SSA Performance Assessment of Cislunar Periodic Orbits for Fragmentation Events Monitoring

Cislunar missions have significantly increased in recent decades due to their relevance in scientific, military, and commercial sectors, leading to a rise in space traffic, risk of fragmentation events, and the potential creation of debris clouds dispersing throughout the whole region. To mitigate these risks, an effective Space Traffic Management infrastructure for monitoring space objects is essential. However, current sensors are insufficient for extensive Cislunar Space Situational Awareness, with only strategically placed passive optical sensors showing promise. This study addresses a literature gap by assessing the observational capabilities of key Cislunar orbital families in detecting debris clouds from multiple catastrophic collisions, providing critical insights for the sustainable and strategic planning of future Cislunar missions. Simulations indicate moderate risks to celestial bodies and no significant threats to the Geostationary Earth Orbit belt, while the L2 Halo family emerges as the most effective for debris monitoring, offering extended visibility.