Space traffic management: Improvements to spacecraft collision avoidance (COLA)

Collision avoidance, the process of planning and possibly executing a manoeuvre to mitigate the risk of a collision in orbit, is becoming increasingly important as the amount of space traffic increases. This paper discusses different types of conjunction events, the technical processes involved in identifying higher risk conjunctions and possible mitigation techniques, and gaps and limitations in the processes. Possible solutions to these gaps are addressed including improved communication and coordination, more accurate and precise data, and improved education of operators. Several recommendations are made to improve the collision avoidance process and effectiveness.