A Multi-Step Stochastic Approach to In-Flight Icing Simulation

A recently proposed mesh reconstruction technique is extended and used in conjunction with a semi-stochastic model to simulate in-flight icing on 3D geometries using a multi-step approach. Differently from similar approaches available in literature employing stochastic models, the proposed methodology enables simulations of long exposure icing encounters by accounting for the feedback of the growing ice on the aerodynamics and particles’ impingement. The ice-air interface predicted by the semi-stochastic model is automatically reconstructed without requiring any span-wise averaging, thus enabling multi-step simulations on arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. Available experimental measurements are used to assess the capabilities of the proposed methodology in simulating in-flight icing on 3D objects in both the rime and glaze regimes.