A Human-centric Design Approach to PLF Product Development: Case Study of Small-Scale Agroforestry Farms

A human-centric design approach concerns the application of design methods to innova- tion processes, rooted in understanding the end users' needs, views, and pain points. All aspects are increasingly important to PLF development and acceptance. The current work aims to showcase the viability and benefits of a human-centred design process in the PLF system developed for small-scale Agroforestry farms. Farmer view analysis was con- ducted using close-end questionnaires (n’ 293) with supplementary semi-structured inter- views (n’ 38). The farmers were then divided into 3 categories: 1) Large extensive farms (>500 animals); 2) Small-scale farms; 3) Agroforestry farms. Keywords were identified and attributed to 4 key areas (technology, local environment, farm economics, and cul- tural factors), with linear scores referencing their frequency (1-10). Cluster analysis re- sulted in a net difference between the categories. Agroforestry farmers were specifically open to PLF in many aspects related to culture while being deterred by technology-related areas. Following the user specification, a PLF system based on a Walk-over-weight (WoW) was selected and fitted with a hybrid communication system (GSM/ LoRa inte- grated model). Data output and elaboration were incorporated with a basic AI system to cross-reference growth trends, micro-climate, and animal daily activity. The prototype (TRL 7) responded to the specific needs of Agroforestry farmers, as it was cost-efficient, had simple data output, and was easy to operate (and maintain). Findings show how a human-centric approach to product design can shorten the R&D process, and bridge the gap between PLF technology development and the market.