Design and performance verification methods for naturally ventilated buildings from the experience of ABC 21 EU Project

The research exposes a critical feedback loop: the building sector's high energy consumption and emissions contribute significantly to climate change. Warming temperatures, in turn, lead to increased reliance on energy-intensive HVAC systems, further exacerbating the problem. To investigate the potential of passive cooling systems for achieving energy-efficient buildings, the research proposes a methodology for building design and building performance evaluation. Focusing on the interplay between climate, building design, and urban planning, the research plans weather data analysis, measurement campaigns, and structures the design process into four phases favoring advanced natural ventilation. The design methodology involves: 1. Identifying optimal cooling strategies based on local climate and building typology. 2. Developing a natural ventilation system, potentially supplemented with strategies to increase the ventilative cooling capacity. 3. Optimizing the ventilation solution. 4. Conducting detailed simulations for thermal comfort and energy use. Additionally, a survey tool applicable to various case studies has been developed. The tool evaluates the feasibility and extent of natural ventilation use and determines the need for mechanical assistance (fans or passive methods) in driving the air flow. Key findings reveal that while solely relying on natural ventilation might be challenging in hot and humid climates during rainy seasons, prioritizing passive cooling systems remains crucial. The study demonstrates that mechanically assisted natural ventilation can provide sufficient thermal comfort in many cases. Furthermore, strategies like Nocturnal Ventilative Cooling, coupled with a bioclimatic design approach during the planning phase, can significantly reduce the energy demand of HVAC systems. By highlighting the potential of passive cooling systems for energy-efficient buildings, this research offers valuable insights for architects and urban planners seeking to create sustainable built environments. It underscores the importance of sustainable practices within building design and offers practical strategies for implementation.