Harnessing enhanced solar efficiency for green hydrogen production: A comparative analysis of PV and PV-T systems

Green hydrogen, a critical element in the shift towards sustainable energy, is traditionally produced by electrolysis powered by solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This research explores the potential of underexploited photovoltaic thermal (PV-T) systems for efficient green hydrogen generation. This paper compares this advanced technology performance and economic viability against conventional PV setups. This paper uses TRNSYS simulation software to analyze two distinct solar-based hydrogen production configurations – PV and PV-T – across diverse climatic conditions in Doha, Tunis, and Stuttgart. The paper's findings indicate that PV-T significantly outperforms PV in hydrogen generation across diverse climates (Doha, Tunis, Stuttgart). For instance, in Doha, PV-T systems increase hydrogen output by 78%, in Tunis by 59% and in Stuttgart by 25%. An economic assessment reveals PV panels as the most cost-effective option, with hydrogen production costs ranging from $4.92/kg to $9.66/kg across the studied locations. For PV-T collectors, the hydrogen cost range from $6.66/kg to $16.80/kg across the studied locations. Nevertheless, this research highlights the potential of PV-T technology to enhance the efficiency and economic viability of green hydrogen production. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and researchers pursuing more efficient solutions for sustainable energy.