Light, colour and human beings: future challenges for a better design

Lighting design involves product selection, arrangement, and system control. Despite its significant impact on human experiences, it is often reduced to aesthetic choices. Scientific literature highlights the influence of light on humans, frequently overlooked in favour of energy efficiency and visual performance. While efficiency and lighting practice remain essential, focusing solely on these aspects neglects broader well-being implications. Professionals now recognise that photometry and calculations are insufficient; the perception of spaces, influenced by lighting distribution, is crucial. Lighting has evolved to support psychophysical well-being, incorporating technological advances and scientific research over the past twenty years. The Human-Centric Lighting (HCL) approach enhances performance, attention, and sleep-wake cycles, particularly for night shift workers. However, the psychological response to light and colour remains underexplored. Understanding the emotional impact of light, influenced by various factors, is challenging but essential. Future research should document how light affects perception, cognition, and emotion to improve lighting design for individual well-being.