Enhancing Public Building Energy Efficiency Through Digital Twin Modeling and Iterative Simulation: A Sustainable Approach

The digital twin of a public building, Città Metropolitana di Milano, is simulated to analyze energy consumption and efficiency under various operational conditions and assumptions. Iterative simulations identified key measures for reducing energy consumption and enhancing efficiency, focusing on window glazing, reduced lighting power density, and solar panel integration, considering constant HVAC systems and schedules. The analysis compares a base case with existing characteristics to a proposed case incorporating energy-efficient measures, yielding improvements in energy performance. These strategies reduce reliance on fossil fuel-based energy and promote a transition to sustainable energy sources. These performance measures reduce reliance on fossil fuel-based energy consumption and pave the way toward greener and more sustainable energy resources-based energy consumption as per UN SGDs 7 and 11. This research will be a valuable tool for policymakers and building managers to visualize real-time energy performance to ensure improved energy efficiency and predictive maintenance.