Battery packs for electric mobility application, typically lithium-ion batteries, need to be particularly performant to guarantee minimum standards to the Electric Vehicle (EV). Therefore, they are used for such application for a reduced span of their lifetime. Once their mobility application is over, various End-of-Life (EoL) strategies are possible. These strategies includes direct disposal, recycling, remanufacturing, refurbishment and repurposing, from the least to the most preferred. Each EoL strategy involves different environmental, technical, economical and safety aspects, that regulatory bodies are defining by legislating on batteries undertaking a life cycle approach, considering the battery from its manufacturing to its second-life or disposal. This paper focuses on the environmental aspects, thus the latest European regulatory framework is analysed and a critical literature review on comparative life cycle assessments on different EoL strategies for lithium-ion EV battery packs is proposed. Additionally, this paper proposes a possible application scenario, where second-life batteries are deployed as stationary storage in an EV charging station.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment on Different End-of-Life Management of Lithium-Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries: A Literature Review and an Application Scenario
Ramaschi, Riccardo;Leva, Sonia
2024-01-01
Abstract
Battery packs for electric mobility application, typically lithium-ion batteries, need to be particularly performant to guarantee minimum standards to the Electric Vehicle (EV). Therefore, they are used for such application for a reduced span of their lifetime. Once their mobility application is over, various End-of-Life (EoL) strategies are possible. These strategies includes direct disposal, recycling, remanufacturing, refurbishment and repurposing, from the least to the most preferred. Each EoL strategy involves different environmental, technical, economical and safety aspects, that regulatory bodies are defining by legislating on batteries undertaking a life cycle approach, considering the battery from its manufacturing to its second-life or disposal. This paper focuses on the environmental aspects, thus the latest European regulatory framework is analysed and a critical literature review on comparative life cycle assessments on different EoL strategies for lithium-ion EV battery packs is proposed. Additionally, this paper proposes a possible application scenario, where second-life batteries are deployed as stationary storage in an EV charging station.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.