AI-against-design map: A systematic review of 20 years of AI-focused studies in design research

In the rapidly evolving field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in design, identifying key subjects and their development over time can be challenging. This study addresses this challenge through a systematic review of AI in design literature over the past 20 years, aiming to discern major academic trajectories. To manage the fragmented nature of the literature, we developed the ‘AI-againstdesign’ method, an interpretative approach capable of identifying the scholars’ position, intended as Position ¼ Place W Proposition, which creates a coherent body of literature and highlights key discourse patterns. This approach led to the development of the ‘AI-against-design’ map, which provides insights into current trends and serves as a tool for exploring future research directions. The scalability of this method and map allows for the future inclusion of additional sources and adaptation to other studies. This framework promises to enhance understanding and stimulate new academic inquiries into AI’s role in design.