Emerging peripheral nerve injuries recovery: advanced nerve-cuff electrode model interface for implantable devices

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) present significant clinical challenges due to their potential to cause chronic disability and substantial healthcare costs. Traditional treatments often fail due to inconsistent outcomes and long recovery times. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review that summarizes current advancements in PNI treatment and outlines a framework for overcoming existing barriers and improving patient outcomes through innovative therapies. Unlike reviews that focus solely on the limitations of existing treatments, our approach provides a detailed analysis of future challenges and integration strategies. Innovations in neurostimulation, materials science, and miniaturization are driving the development of next-generation neural interfaces aimed at restoring sensory and motor functions. Understanding the detailed electrical model of the device-tissue interface is crucial for optimizing electrode design for improved neural recording and stimulation. Continuous research and development are essential for overcoming existing challenges and providing widespread access to these treatments. We highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to achieve more effective and personalized therapies for PNI, contributing valuable insights to the field and setting the stage for future advancements.