Bio-residues for the insulation of building façades: a classification of experiences

Due to the significant contribution of the construction sector to the European (and global) energy consumption and to general population growth, studies are currently focusing on alternative ways to renovate our future cities and to build energy efficient buildings. As first mediator between outdoor and indoor environment, the element of façade becomes central, while bio-materials gain attention due to their ability to store carbon over their growth. Bio-residues, in particular, might prove the same environmental benefits given by bio-materials while avoiding additional land consumption for their production. Even though many studies have been already carried out and a few products are already in the market, a clear classification of bio-residues is not available yet, and information come scattered and fragmented. For this reason, this paper has the aim to provide clarity by operating an extensive work of literature review on the topic and, based on that, by defining macro-categories of bio-residues. Finally, the paper illuminates current challenges, identifies trends, and assesses future opportunities for bioresidue applications in construction, while raising awareness about the intricacies of the topic, which relate to themes such as durability, land consumption, and circular construction