Towards Invisible Eye Tracking with Lens-Coupled Lateral Photodetectors

A novel low-power and easy to integrate sensing configuration for wearable eye tracking is presented. Within the context of infrared oculography based on individual photosensors, we proposed to couple a set of photodetectors to the lateral edges of a standard lens, acting as waveguide for the IR light, instead of directing them towards the eyeball. This allows to embed the detectors in the rim, thus being fully hidden in the eyewear, invisible to the user and robustly integrated with the glasses. A preliminary setup with four photodiodes whose signals are processed by an agile two-layer neural network was realized and characterized. Here we demonstrate both experimentally and by means of simulations the feasibility of this patent-pending approach. Detected maps of light patterns respond to different impinging light orientations. An angular resolution of about 5 degrees is achieved with only 4 individual photodetectors coupled to a thick rectangular glass lens. A larger number of detectors would provide better resolutions. The parameters of ray-tracing simulations were first adjusted to match the experimental data from a simplified geometry. Then, simulations were used to estimate the expected signals with an eye model, paving the way to a promising outlook. The combination of hardware and software solutions here presented aims at addressing the trade-off between power consumption and angular resolution in the estimation of the direction of gaze which is crucial for pervasive eye tracking.