Initialization of modular multilevel converters based on the shooting method

This paper proposes an efficient initialization strategy for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) based on the shooting method, a numerical technique aimed at deriving a periodic steady-state operating condition, if any, of any dynamical system. Simulations of the Nordic power system modified by adding an MMC-based high-voltage direct current link prove that the proposed strategy allows starting transient simulations close to steady-state, thus minimizing initialization transients and their duration.