Reactive Power Flows on Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation: Current Trends and Opportunities

In recent years, the spreading of inverter-based loads and massive growth in penetration of distributed generators have shown great effects on the Reactive Power Flows (RPFs) throughout distribution and transmission systems, leading to voltage quality problems, increased energy losses and inefficiencies in the voltage regulation. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate, on a case study based on a real medium voltage distribution system in Italy, the possible contribution of dispersed generation to RPFs management, especially at the interface between the high and medium voltage systems. Different generation samples are obtained through a Monte Carlo approach, assuming the dispersed generation spreading rates relevant to both the current national situation and a 2030 scenario. The RPF analysis is performed by adopting the voltage control algorithms currently prescribed for small-sized generators by the Italian technical connection rules. Moreover, a regulation based on a scheduled fixed setpoint is investigated in order to evaluate its benefits on the RPFs compensation.