Reclaimed wastewater reuse impacts: from literature data gaps to integrated risk modelling

The complexity and the inherent interconnection of the reclaimed wastewater reuse (RWW) system requires the proper quantification of its advantages and drawbacks. In this context, water utilities and decision makers would benefit from a comprehensive risk-based framework of models aimed at the assessment of its associated impacts. In this work, a critical literature review on the models available for the assessment of RWW reuse impacts is performed to highlight which gaps need to be filled and indicate the future research directions. A simplified approach for evaluating and integrating different type of risks was proposed to address the prioritization of critical endpoints and contaminants within regulations.